Carl-Benedikt Frey

Carl-Benedikt Frey is the Dieter Schwarz Associate Professor of AI & Work at the Oxford Internet Institute and a Fellow of Mansfield College, University of Oxford. He also directs the Future of Work Programme at the Oxford Martin School, where he serves as Oxford Martin Citi Fellow.

In 2013, he co-authored “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?”, whose methodology has been used by President Barack Obama’s Council of Economic Advisors, the Bank of England, the World Bank, and the BBC’s widely used automation-risk tool. Frey has since advised international organisations, governments, and businesses, including the G20, OECD, European Commission, United Nations, and several Fortune 500 companies.

Frey is the author of How Progress Ends: Technology, Innovation, and the Fate of Nations (2025), which traces a thousand years of technological change and argues that progress depends on a delicate balance between decentralised innovation and bureaucracy for scaling. The book has been shortlisted for the 2025 Financial Times and Schroders Business Book of the Year Award. He is also the author of The Technology Trap: Capital, Labor, and Power in the Age of Automation (2019), selected as a Financial Times Best Book of the Year.